The Common Motifs of Popular Religiosity in Pilgrimages to Sabarimala and Malayattoor in Kerala: A Comparative Study on the Commonness of Religiosity in Digital Age
The Common Motifs of Popular Religiosity in Pilgrimages to Sabarimala and Malayattoor in Kerala: A Comparative Study on the Commonness of Religiosity in Digital Age
Religion and Social Communication Vol. 24, No. 1 (2026)
Author
Shiju Paul, SVD
St. John’s Mission Seminary, Changanacherry, Kerala, India
Email: paulshijusvd@gmail.com
Abstract
Since time immemorial people have undertaken journeys on foot to places deemed holy. Like many other countries, India is a land rich in pilgrimage sites for various religions. This research explores the common motifs of popular religiosity in pilgrimages to Sabarimala and Malayattoor in the Kerala State of India. Those two ancient pilgrimage centers belong to the Hindus and to the Syrian Catholics respectively. Pilgrims on those routes can appreciate its tranquility, as social, cultural and historical riches are set against the backdrop of the Western Ghats of Kerala. The study explains the legends and practices of popular religiosity associated with each center. It is followed by explaining the common motifs of popular religiosity experienced in pilgrimages. This study not only enriches the understanding of popular religiosity in a specific cultural context but also offers valuable insights into the influences of advancements of digital media in pilgrimages. Employing technological tools reduces the impact of pilgrimages on the environment while promoting increased connectivity, safety, security and sustainability. Thus, it provides the pilgrims with holistic pilgrimage experience.
Keywords
popular religiosity, pilgrimage, Sabarimala, Malayattoor, Ayyappa, Muthappan, legend, myth, digital
References
Bharati, Agehananda. “Pilgrimage in the Indian Tradition.” History of Religions 3, no. 1 (1963): 135–167.
Clift, Jean D., and Bruce Clif Wallace. The Archetype of Pilgrimage: Outer Action With Inner Meaning. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 1996.
Coyle, Kathleen. “Pilgrimages, Apparitions and Popular Religiosity.” East Asian Pastoral Review 38, no. 2 (2001): 171–176.
Dhali, Rajshree. “Perspectives on Pilgrimage to Folk Deities.” International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage 8, no. 5 (2020): 24–32.
Di Giovine, Michael A., and Jaeyeon Choe. “Geographies of Religion and Spirituality: Pilgrimage Beyond the ‘Officially’ Sacred.” Tourism Geographies 21, no. 3 (2019): 361–383.
Francis. “La Religiosite Populaire En Mediterrainee.” Vatican Media. Last modified December 15, 2024.
https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2024/december/documents/20241215-ajaccio-congresso.html
———. “Spes non Confundit, Bull of Indiction of the Ordinary Jubilee of the Year 2025.” Vatican Media. Last modified May 9, 2024.
https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/bulls/documents/20240509_spes-non-confundit_bolla-giubileo2025.html
Gupta, Vinay. “Pilgrimage Perspectives: Exploring the Realm of Religious Tourism in India.” Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies 3, no. 3 (2025): 29–30.
Kerala State Youth Commission. Youth Mental Health: A Study on Suicides. KSYC, 2025.
https://ksyc.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/KSYC-Report-12_02.pdf
“Know, now edition 3 – Metaverse special.” Nokia.com. Last modified March 10, 2025.
https://onestore.nokia.com/asset/212271
Kochappilly, Paulachan. “Pilgrimage: Phenomenon Of Passage.” Journal of Dharma 3, no. 3 (2006): 319–333.
Krishnan, Aditya, and Swati Agrawal. “Digital Transformation of Religious Events.” Journal of Marketing & Social Research 2, no. 2 (2025): 534–539.
Laia, Tremosa. “Beyond AR vs. VR: What is the Difference between AR vs. MR vs. VR vs. XR?” Interaction Design Foundation. Last modified March 24, 2025.
https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/beyond-ar-vs-vr-what-is-the-difference-between-ar-vs-mr-vs-vr-vs-xr
Lopes, José Rogério, and André Luiz da Silva. “Religious Mega-Events and Their Assemblages in Devotional Pilgrimages: The Case of Círio de Nazaré in Belém, Pará State, Brazil.” Journal of Global Catholicism 5, no. 2, Article 5 (2021): 88–128.
M. Bonaventure, Sala. “The Performative Aspect of Spontaneous Prayers in Cameroon.” British Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2022): 1–13.
Manikandan, P., and Karishma Chauhan. “Impact of Social Media on Spiritual Tourism in Promoting Economic Development of Temples from the Indian Context.” The Bioscan 20, no. 1 (2025): 368–381.
Painadath, Sebastian. The Spiritual Journey. New Delhi: ISPCK, 2006.
Rodrigues, Edwin. “Pilgrimage in the Jubilee Year 2025.” Vidyajyoti Journal of Theological Reflection 89, no. 6 (June 2025): 4–9.
Sommerfelt, Tone. “Politics of Shared Humanity: On Hospitality, Equality and the Spiritual in Rural Gambia.” Anthropological Forum 34, no. 1 (2024): 52–70.
Terreault, Sara. “Introduction: The Body is the Place Where Pilgrimage Happens.” International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage 7, no. 1, Article 2 (2019): 1–10.
Tran, Mai Khanh, and Andrew Davies. “The Hybrid Authenticity of Virtual Pilgrimage.” Marketing Theory 25, no. 1 (2025): 139–163.
Turner, Victor, and Edith Turner. Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture: Anthropological Perspective. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978.
Pages: 164–184
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62461/SJP100226
Submitted, Accepted & Published Dates
Submitted: April 3, 2025
Accepted: October 2, 2025
Published: January 1, 2026
Cite this article
Paul, Shiju. “The Common Motifs of Popular Religiosity in Pilgrimages to Sabarimala and Malayattoor in Kerala: A Comparative Study on the Commonness of Religiosity in Digital Age.” Religion and Social Communication 24, no. 1 (2026): 164–184. https://doi.org/10.62461/SJP100226.
Copyright & License
© 2026 The authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).