Understanding Media Consumption, Preferences, and Satisfaction of South and Southeast Asian Religious Online Media Consumers: The Case of Radio Veritas Asia’s Website
RELIGION AND SOCIAL COMMUNICATION VOLUME 23, NO. 2 (JULY - DECEMBER 2025)
ISSN 3057-0883 (ONLINE)
Author
Kasmir Nema and Andrea May C. Malonzo
Abstract
The way people communicate, gather, and process information continues to evolve in response to new communication technologies. With the rise of the internet and digital media, the use of traditional media platforms, such as radio, decreased. Radio Veritas Asia (RVA), a non-profit Catholic radio station, transitioned from shortwave broadcasting to a digital online format to address the decline in its radio listenership. With these changes in RVA, this study aimed to understand the media consumption patterns, preferences, and satisfaction levels of religious online media consumers in South and Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, with a specific focus on their engagement with the Radio Veritas Asia website. Through online surveys, the study found that media consumption patterns, preferences, and satisfaction levels vary moderately across the Philippines, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. The frequency of religious content consumption, such as news about the Catholic faith and daily Gospel reflections via the RVA website, ranges from three to seven days per week. While the internet offers multimodality—encompassing textual, visual, audio, and audiovisual formats—there remains a strong preference for written text among South and Southeast Asian audiences. Satisfaction levels were consistently high across all areas. This satisfaction is influenced by RVA’s digital platform’s characteristics, its usability, and its content, which effectively address the cognitive, emotional, and social needs of the audience.
Keywords
media consumption, media satisfaction, media preference, religious media, religious online media
References
Armfield, Greg G., and R. Lance Holbert. “The Relationship between Religiosity and Internet Use.” Journal of Media and Religion 2, no. 3 (2003): 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328415JMR0203_01
Banaszak, Artur. “Evangelization Through Social Media – Opportunities and Threats to the Religious Life of an Individual and Community.” Kościół i Prawo 11, no. 2 (2022): 45–62. https://doi.org/10.18290/kip22112.1.
Bentley, Joshua M. “A Uses and Gratifications Study of Contemporary Christian Radio Web Sites.” Journal of Radio & Audio Media 19, no. 1 (2012): 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2012.667025
Briandana, Rizki, Caturida Meiwanto Doktoralina, Shahir Akram Hassan, and Wan Norhaniza Wan Hasan. “Da’wah Communication and Social Media: The Interpretation of Millennials in Southeast Asia.” International Journal of Economics and Business Administration 8, no. 1 (2020): 216-226.10.35808/ijeba/543, 2020.
Brubaker, Pamela J., and Michelle M. Haigh. “The Religious Facebook Experience: Uses and Gratifications of Faith-Based Content.” Social Media + Society 3, no. 2 (2017): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117703723.
Campbell, Heidi. “Religion and the Internet.” Communication Research Trends 25, no. 1 (2006): Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444314861.ch11
Časni, D. Electronic Media as a Tool of Evangelization in the Catholic and Evangelical Church in the Republic of Slovenia: Doktorska Disertacija, 2022. https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=138706.
Chmielewski, Mirosław. “Media Education and the New Evangelization Part One: Media Components and Challenges.” Verbum Vitae 37 (2020): 407-425. https://doi.org/10.31743/vv.8346
Danaan, Gabriel N. “Mass Media and Christian Evangelisation in the Digital Age: Towards Sustaining ‘Mission’ in the Catholic Archdiocese of Jos.” The Arts Journal 1, no. 1 (2016): 1–10. https://www.theartsjournal.org/index.php/site/article/view/954.
Díaz, Israel. “Considering the Efficacy of Digital Technology as a Means of Evangelization in Christian Religious Education.” Religious Education 116, no. 1 (2021): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2021.1872001.
Galang, Jose R. F., and Wendell E. R. Macaraan. “Digital Apostleship: Evangelization in the New Agora.” Religions 12, no. 2 (2021): 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12020092.
Goh, Robbie. “The Internet and Christianity in Asia: Cultural Trends, Structures and Transformations.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29, no. 4 (2005): 831–848. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00624.x.
Han, Sam, and Kamaludeen Mohamed Nasir. Digital Culture and Religion in Asia. London: Routledge, 2015.
John Paul II. Message of the Holy Father John Paul II for the 36th World Communications Day: “Internet: A New Forum for Proclaiming the Gospel.” Vatican.va, 2002. https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/messages/communications/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_20020122_world-communications-day.html.
LaRose, Robert, and Matthew S. Eastin. “A Social Cognitive Theory of Internet Uses and Gratifications: Toward a New Model of Media Attendance.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 48, no. 3 (2004): 358-377.. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4803_2.
Le Duc, Anthony. “The Effect of Digital Development on Church and Society in Southeast Asia: A Survey.” Religion and Social Communication 17, no. 1 (2019): 1-29.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3643837.
Littlejohn, Stephen W. “Cultural Identity Theory.” Communication Theory, n.d. Accessed October 31, 2024. https://www.communicationtheory.org/cultural-identity-theory/.
Mohamad, Siti Mazidah. Mediated Muslim Cosmopolitanism: New Media and Popular Culture Engagements in Brunei and Malaysia. London: Routledge, 2024.
Müller, Jörg, and Thomas N. Friemel. “Dynamics of Digital Media Use in Religious Communities—A Theoretical Model.” Religions 15, no. 7 (2024): 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15070762.
Nesbit, James Michael. Virtual Church as a Site for Cyberfaith: A Uses and Gratifications Analysis of Two Home Church Discussion Lists. The University of New Mexico, 2000. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203111093
Papacharissi, Zizi, and Alan M. Rubin. “Predictors of Internet Use.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 44, no. 2 (2000): 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4402_2.
Poe, Marshall T. A History of Communications: Media and Society from the Evolution of Speech to the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444811429927c
Radio Veritas Asia. Development of a FABC Project, edited by Franz-Joseph Eilers, SVD. Manila: Logos (Divine Word) Publications, Inc, 2008.
Radio Veritas Asia. “Radio Veritas Asia Marks Transition to Digital Broadcasting.” RVA News, 2018. https://www.rvasia.org/index.php/church-asia/best-catholic-organization-website-award-radio-veritas-asia.
Radio Veritas Asia. 2025. Accessed April 12. https://www.rva.org.
Ratcliff, A. J., J. McCarty, and M. Ritter. “Religion and New Media: A Uses and Gratifications Approach.” Journal of Media and Religion 16, no. 1 (2017): 15–26. 10.1080/15348423.2017.1274589
Roy, Sanjit Kumar. “Internet Uses and Gratifications: A Survey in the Indian Context.” Computers in Human Behavior 25, no. 4 (2009): 878-886.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.03.002
Ruiz, Lucio Adrián. “New Evangelization, New Technologies: Evangelization in the Digital Age.” Tripodos 35 (2014): 75-91. https://tripodos.com/index.php/Facultat_Comunicacio_Blanquerna/article/view/194
Ruggiero, Thomas E. “Uses and Gratifications Theory in the 21st Century.” Mass Communication & Society 3, no. 1 (2000): 3-37.https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_02.
Slama, Martin, and Bart Barendregt. “Introduction: Online Publics in Muslim Southeast Asia: In between Religious Politics and Popular Pious Practices.” Asiascape: Digital Asia 5, no. 1-2 (2018): 3-31. https://brill.com/view/journals/dias/5/1-2/article-p3_3.xml.
Stafford, Thomas F., Marla Royne Stafford, and Lawrence L. Schkade. “Determining Uses and Gratifications for the Internet.” Decision Sciences 35, no. 2 (2004): 259-288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.00117315.2004.02524.x
Straubhaar, Joseph D. “Beyond Media Imperialism: Assymetrical Interdependence and Cultural Proximity.” Critical Studies in media communication 8, no. 1 (1991): 39-59. https://doi.org/ 10.11606/issn.1982-8160.v16i3p121-136.
Pages 426-450
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62461/KNAM050325
Submitted: Mar. 17, 2025; Accepted: May 03, 2025; Published: Jul. 1, 2025
© 2025 The authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).