Skip to content
Top banner
Language

AI in the Academe: Opportunities and Challenges for Religious Education

ARC Admin
2024-06-11 07:47 UTC+7 236

RELIGION AND SOCIAL COMMUNICATION VOLUME 22, NO. 2 (2024)

ISSN 1686-9184

Author

Leo-Martin Angelo R. Ocampo and Ivan Efreaim A. Gozum

Abstract

The coming of artificial intelligence (AI), dramatically signaled by the release of ChatGPT 3.5 in November 2022, sparked varied reactions and questions in various sectors and industries, including the field of education. Prior to this, AI technology has been gaining ground with its various applications, yet it still managed to take many by surprise. After the initial panic and apprehension about the use of these increasingly powerful technologies, discussions have begun as to how to effectively manage the threats and maximize the affordances brought by these rapidly emerging developments. The growing discourse and literature on this subject confirm the relevance and urgency of this issue today. Gathering the concerns and insights from these ongoing conversations, this paper aims to explore the challenges and opportunities brought by AI to education in general and to religious education in particular, with the aim of naming potential risks and identifying possible areas that can be harnessed by religious educators today.

Keywords

artificial intelligence, AI in education, religious education, online learning, educational technology

References

Albia, Bryan, Mariel Blanza, and Andrew Joseph Chanco. “From Icons to AI: Evolution of Imagery in Religious Communication.” Religion and Social Communication 21, no. 2 (2023): 270-293.

Ahmad, Sayed Fayaz, et al. “Academic and Administrative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Education.” Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1101.

Alonso, Jose, and Gabriella Casalino. “Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Human-centric Data Analysis in Virtual Learning Environments.” International Workshop on Higher Education Learning Methodologies and Technologies Online, edited by Giovanni Fulantelli et al., 125-138. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019.

Ashcraft, Jessica, and Isaac Calvert. “Teaching, Learning and the Buddha: Educative Principles from the nNdāna-kathā.” Religions 14, no. 9 (2023): 1093. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14091093

Baidoo-Anu, David and Leticia Ansah. “Education in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): Understanding the Potential Benefits of ChatGPT in Promoting Teaching and Learning.” Journal of AI 7, no. 1 (2023): 52-62.

Baker, Ryan Shaun, and Aaron Hawn. “Algorithmic Bias in Education.” International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 32, no. 4 (2021): 1-41.

Batchelor, Stephen. Buddhism Without Beliefs: A Contemporary Guide to Awakening. London: Bloomsbury, 2008.

Behan, Caragh. “The Benefits of Meditation and Mindfulness Practices During Times of Crisis such as COVID-19.” Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 37, no. 4 (2020): 256-258.

Benanti, Paolo. “The Urgency of An Algorethics.” Discover Artificial Intelligence 3, no. 1 (2023), 11.

Berendt, Bettina, et al. “AI in Education: Learner Choice and Fundamental Rights.” Learning, Media and Technology 45, no. 3 (2020): 312-324.

Bryant, Jake et al. (2020). “How Artificial Intelligence Will Impact K-12 Teachers.” McKinsey and Company, May 12, 2020. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/ Social%20Sector/Our%20Insights/How%20artificial%20intelligence%20will%20impact%20K%2012%20teachers/How-artificial-intelligence-will-impact-K-12-teachers.pdf

Carter, Lemuria, et al. “Exploring the Intersection of the Digital Divide and Artificial Intelligence: A Hermeneutic Literature Review.” AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 12, no. 4 (2020): 253-275.

Chan, Cecilia Ka Yuk. “A Comprehensive AI Policy Education Framework for University Teaching and Learning.” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 20, no. 1 (2023): 1-25.

Chandra, Rohitash, and Mukul Ranjan. “Artificial Intelligence for Topic Modelling in Hindu Philosophy: Mapping Themes between the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita.” Plos One, 17, no. 9 (2022): e0273476.

Chassignol, Maud, et al. “Artificial Intelligence Trends in Education: A Narrative Overview.” Procedia Computer Science 136 (2018): 16-24.

Chen, Lijia, et al. “Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review.” IEEE Access 8 (2020): 75264-75278.

Congregation for Catholic Education. “Instruction on the Use of Distance Learning in Ecclesiastical Faculties and Universities.” Higher Education of the Catholic Church, September 5, 2023, http://www.educatio.va/content/dam/cec/Documenti/Insegnamento %20a%20distanza%20EN.pdf.

Cotton, Debby, et al. Chatting and Cheating: Ensuring Academic Integrity in the Era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International (2023): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148

Dalai Lama, and Howard Cutler. The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living. New York: Riverhead Books, 2020.

Dignum, Virginia. “The Role and Challenges of Education for Responsible AI.” London Review of Education 19, no. 1 (2021): 1-11.

Draxler, Fiona, et al. “Relevance, Effort, and Perceived Quality: Language Learners’ Experiences with AI-Generated Contextually Personalized Learning Material.” Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (2023): 2249-2262. https://doi.org/10.1145/3563657.3596112

Elmessiry, Adel, et al. “Unethical Use of Artificial Intelligence in Education.” EDULEARN23 Proceedings (2023): 6703-6707.

Ferrer, Xavier et al. “Bias and Discrimination in AI: A Cross-disciplinary Perspective.” IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 40, no. 2 (2021): 72-80.

Francis. “Address to Participants in the ‘Minerva Dialogues.’” Vatican Website, March 27, 2023. https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2023/march/documents/20230327-minerva-dialogues.html.

Francis. “Apostolic Constitution Veritatis Gaudium on Ecclesiastical Universities and Faculties.” Vatican Website, December 8, 2017. https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/ en/apost_constitutions/documents/papa-francesco_costituzione-ap_20171208_veritatis-gaudium.html.

Francis. “Message for the 57th World Day of Peace.” Vatican Website, December 8, 2023.  https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/messages/peace/documents/20231208-messaggio-57giornatamondiale-pace2024.html

Furini, Marco, et al. “Digital Twins and Artificial Intelligence: As Pillars of Personalized Learning Models.” Communications of the ACM 65, no. 4 (2022): 98-104.

Grassini, Simone. “Shaping the Future of Education: Exploring the Potential and Consequences of AI and ChatGPT in Educational Settings.” Education Sciences 13, no. 7 (2023): 692.

Guilherme, Alex. “AI and Education: The Importance of Teacher and Student Relations.” AI & Society 34 (2019): 47-54.

Hamruni, and Sri Suwartini. “Artificial Intelligence In Global Islamic Education.” IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science 27, no. 6 (2022): 39-49.

Holmes, Wayne, et al. “Ethics of AI in Education: Towards a Community-wide Framework.” International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 32, no. 2 (2021): 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00239-1

Holmes, Wayne, and Ilka Tuomi. “State of the Art and Practice in AI in Education.” European Journal of Education 57, no. 4 (2022): 542-570.

Ho, S. Shaun, et al. “Compassion as an Intervention to Attune to Universal Suffering of Self and Others in Conflicts: A Translational Framework.” Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2021): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603385

Hongladarom, Soraj. “What Buddhism Can Do for AI Ethics.” MIT Technology Review, January 6, 2021. https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/06/1015779/what-buddhism-can-do-ai-ethics/

Huang, Lan. “Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Education: Student Privacy and Data Protection.” Science Insights Education Frontiers 16, no. 2 (2023): 2577-2587.

Hutson, James, et al. “Artificial Intelligence and the Disruption of Higher Education: Strategies for Integrations across Disciplines” Creative Education 13 (2022): 3953-3980.

Hwang, Gwo-Jen, et al. “Vision, Challenges, Roles and Research Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Education.” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 1 (2020): 100001.

Irfan, Muhammad, et al. “Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Academia: A Case Study of Critical Teaching and Learning in Higher Education.” Global Social Sciences Review 8, no. 1 (2023): 352-364.

Jiffriya, Mohamed Abdul Cader, et al. “Plagiarism Detection Tools and Techniques: A Comprehensive Survey.” Journal of Science-FAS-SEUSL 2, no. 2 (2021): 47-64.

Kabudi, Tumaini, et al. “AI-enabled Adaptive Learning Systems: A Systematic Mapping of the Literature.” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 2 (2021): 100017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100017

Khanna, Pulkit, et al. “Buddhist Practices Enhancing Positive Life: Mindfulness and Beyond.” In Religious and Spiritual Practices in India: A Positive Psychological Perspective, edited by Kamlesh Singh and Gaurav Saxena, 141-168. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023.

Kim, Woo-Hyun. “Individualized AI Tutor Based on Developmental Learning Networks.” IEEE Access 8, no. 1 (2020): 27927-27937.

Kim, Jinhee et al. “Learning Design to Support Student-AI Collaboration: Perspectives of Leading Teachers for AI in Education.” Education and Information Technologies 27, no. 5 (2022): 6069-6104.

Lim, Weng Marc, et al. “Generative AI and the Future of Education: Ragnarök or Reformation? A Paradoxical Perspective from Management Educators.” The International Journal of Management Education 21, no. 2 (2023): 100790.

Lokesh, S. et al. “AI-Based Big Data Analytics Model for Medical Applications.” Measurement: Sensors 24 (2022): 100534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2022.100534

Malinka, Kamil, et al. “On the Educational Impact of ChatGPT: Is Artificial Intelligence Ready to Obtain a University Degree?” Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education Vol. 1 (2023): 47-53. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.11146

Miao, Fengchun, et al. AI and Education: A Guidance for Policymakers. UNESCO Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.54675/PCSP7350

Miranda, Jesus. “AI in Education’s Emerging Paradigm.” The Manila Times, June 24, 2023. https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/06/25/opinion/columns/ai-in-educations-emerging-paradigm/1897668

Mohammadkarimi, Ebrahim. “Teachers’ Reflections on Academic Dishonesty in EFL Students’ Writings in the Era of Artificial Intelligence.” Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching 6, no. 2 (2023): 105-113. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.10

Molenaar, Inge. “Towards Hybrid Human‐AI Learning Technologies.” European Journal of Education 57, no. 4 (2022): 632-645.

Ng, Wan. New Digital Technology in Education. Switzerland: Springer, 2015.

Owoc, Mieczyslaw Lech, et al. “Artificial intelligence Technologies in Education: Benefits, Challenges and Strategies of Implementation.” In Artificial Intelligence for Knowledge Management, 37-58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85001-2_4

Qazi, Atika, et al. “Conventional to Online Education during COVID-19 Pandemic: Do Develop and Underdeveloped Nations Cope Alike.” Children and Youth Services Review 119 (2020): 105582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105582

Raja, R., and P. C. Nagasubramani. “Impact of Modern Technology in Education.” Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 3, no. 1 (2018): S33-35.

RenAIssance Foundation. “Rome Call for AI Ethics.” RenAIssance Foundation, February 28, 2020. https://www.academyforlife.va/content/dam/pav/documenti%20pdf/2020/CALL% 2028%20febbraio/AI%20Rome%20Call%20x%20firma_DEF_DEF_con%20firme_.pdf

Roscoe, Rod, et al. “Inclusion and Equity as a Paradigm Shift for Artificial Intelligence in Education.” Artificial Intelligence in STEM Education: The Paradigmatic Shifts in Research, Education, and Technology, edited by Fan Ouyang et al., 359-373. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2022.

Salas-Pilco, Sdenka Zobeida, et al. “Artificial Intelligence and New Technologies in Inclusive Education for Minority Students: A Systematic Review.” Sustainability 14, no. 20 (2022): 13572.

Santra, Patit Paban, and Debasis Majhi. “Scholarly Communication and Machine-Generated Text: Is it Finally AI vs AI in Plagiarism Detection?” Journal of Information and Knowledge 60, no. 3 (2023): 175-183. https://doi.org/10.17821/srels/2023/v60i3/171028

Shivji, Salima. “The Voice of God Now Comes in the Form of a Chatbot in India, and Its Message Isn’t Always Peace and Love. CBC News, July 6, 2023. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/india-religious-chatbots-1.6896628

Silberg, Jake, and James Manyika. “Notes from the AI Frontier: Tackling Bias in AI (and in Humans).” McKinsey Global Institute, June 6, 2019. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/artificial-intelligence/tackling-bias-in-artificial-intelligence-and-in-humans

Su, Jiahong, and Weipeng Yang. “Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT: A Framework for Applying Generative AI in Education.” ECNU Review of Education 6, no. 3 (2023): 355-366. https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311231168423

UNESCO. “Artificial Intelligence in Education.” UNESCO, https://www.unesco.org/en/digital-education/artificial-intelligence

UNESCO. “ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: Quick Start Guide.” UNESCO, April 2023. www.iesalc.unesco.org https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/wp-content/uploads/ 2023/04/ChatGPT-and-Artificial-Intelligence-in-higher-education-Quick-Start-guide_EN_FINAL.pdf

Tlili, Ahmed, et al. “What if the Devil is My Guardian Angel?: ChatGPT as a Case Study of Using Chatbots in Education.” Smart Learning Environments 10, no. 1 (2023): 15.

Vincent-Lancrin, Stephan, and Reyes van der Vlies. “Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education: Promises and Challenges.” OECD Education Working Papers, No. 218. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1787/a6c90fa9-en.

Walsh, Benjamin, et al. “Aspiring for Equity: Perspectives from Design of AI Education.” Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of the Learning Sciences-ICLS 2022 (2022): 1771-1778. https://dx.doi.org/10.22318/icls2022.1771

Whitehead, Richard, et al. “Letting Go of Self: The Creation of the Nonattachment to Self Scale.” Frontiers in Psychology 9 (2018): 2544. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02544

Wagle, Paul. “What is algorethics?” Paulwagle.com, August 27, 2023. https://paulwagle.com/what-is-algorethics/

White, Hilary. “AI Images: Whatever It Is, It’s Not ‘Sacred Art.’” World of Hilarity, June 19, 2023. https://hilarywhite.substack.com/p/ai-images-whatever-it-is-its-not

Winkler, Rainer, and Matthias Soellner. “Unleashing the Potential of Chatbots in Education: A State-of-the-art Analysis.” Academy of Management Proceedings 1 (2018): 15903. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.15903abstract

Xie, Xin, et al. “COVID-19 Pandemic–Online Education in the New Normal and the Next Normal.” Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research 22, no. 3 (2020): 175-187.

Yang, Stephen, et al. “Human-centered Artificial Intelligence in Education: Seeing the Invisible through the Visible.” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 3 (2021): 100008.

Yang, Jinyu, and Bo Zhang. “Artificial Intelligence in Intelligent Tutoring Robots: A Systematic Review and Design Guidelines.” Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 2078.

Yu, Hao. “Reflection on Whether Chat GPT Should Be Banned by Academia from the Perspective of Education and Teaching. Frontiers in Psychology 14 (2023): 1181712.

Yu, Peter. “The Algorithmic Divide and Equality in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.” Florida Law Review 72 (2020): 331-389.

Zdravkova, Katerina. “The potential of artificial intelligence for assistive technology in education.” In Handbook on Intelligent Techniques in the Educational Process: Vol 1 Recent Advances and Case Studies, edited by Mirjana Ivanović et al., 61-85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022.

Zdravkova, Katerina, et al. “Cutting-edge Communication and Learning Assistive Technologies for Disabled Children: An Artificial Intelligence Perspective.” Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence (2022): 240. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.970430.


Pages 372-394 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62461/LOIG021124

Submitted: October 5, 2023; Accepted: Feb. 11, 2024; Published: June 30, 2024

front-cover-small-1715860575.jpg
Share